UPSC Mains 2025

Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil and water resources.

Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and rehabilitation? Give your opinion.

How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning?

Trace India ’s consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples.

The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.

Examine the main aspects of Akbar's religious syncretism.

"The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life." Elucidate.

What are Tsunamis? How and where are they formed? What are their consequences? Explain with examples.

Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture?

Mahatma Jotirao Phule's writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

What are non-farm primary activities? How are these activities related to physio- graphic features in India? Discuss with suitable examples.

The ethos of civil service in India stand for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness – Elucidate.

How are climate change and the sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples.

'Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people's needs in a country like India – Comment.

How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience.

Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses.

Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves?

How does smart city in India, address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice?

Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.