In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss.

Introduction

Health care is a critical determinant of social development, as it directly impacts human capital, productivity, and overall well-being. In India, where the population is aging rapidly and maternal health indicators still lag behind global standards, sound and adequate health care policies in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care are essential to ensure inclusive and sustainable development.

Key Dimensions of Geriatric and Maternal Health Care Policies

Importance of Geriatric Health Care Policies

• Rising Elderly Population: India is projected to have 20% of its population aged 60+ by 2050 (UN World Population Prospects). This necessitates policies for healthy aging.

  • ★ National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE): Focuses on preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
  • Example: Geriatric wards in district hospitals under NPHCE.

• Chronic Diseases and Disabilities: Elderly individuals are prone to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis.

  • Policy Need: Integration of geriatric care into primary health care and promotion of telemedicine for remote areas.

• Social and Economic Dependency: Lack of adequate health care increases dependency on families, straining social structures.

  • Solution: Policies for pension-linked health insurance and community-based care models.

• Mental Health: High prevalence of depression and dementia among the elderly.

  • Policy Example: Mental health services under the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017.

Importance of Maternal Health Care Policies

• High Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): India’s MMR stands at 97 per 100,000 live births (Sample Registration System, 2018-20), which is higher than SDG target of 70 per 100,000.

  • ★ Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): Promotes institutional deliveries through financial incentives.
  • Example: States like Kerala have achieved low MMR through robust maternal health programs.

• Impact on Child Health: Maternal health directly influences neonatal mortality and child development.

  • Policy Need: Strengthening of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Poshan Abhiyaan.

• Access to Reproductive Health Services: Many women lack access to contraceptives and antenatal care.

  • Policy Example: Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) ensures free antenatal check-ups.

• Nutritional Deficiencies: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (57% as per NFHS-5).

  • Solution: Fortification of food and distribution of Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) tablets.

Challenges in Implementation

• Inadequate Infrastructure: Shortage of geriatric specialists and maternal health care facilities in rural areas.
• Low Public Health Expenditure: India spends only 2.1% of GDP on health (Economic Survey 2022-23).
• Awareness Gaps: Limited awareness about government schemes among beneficiaries.
• Cultural Barriers: Gender biases and stigma around elderly care and maternal health.

Way Forward

• Increased Budget Allocation: Raise public health expenditure to 3% of GDP as recommended by the National Health Policy, 2017.
• Capacity Building: Train more geriatric specialists and maternal health workers.
• Technology Integration: Use AI and telemedicine to improve access in remote areas.
• Community Participation: Strengthen self-help groups (SHGs) and panchayats to spread awareness and monitor implementation.
• Focus on Preventive Care: Promote lifestyle changes and early screening for both elderly and maternal health.

Conclusion

Sound health care policies in geriatric and maternal health are not just a moral imperative but also a strategic investment in India’s social and economic future. By addressing the unique needs of these vulnerable groups, India can achieve SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and foster inclusive social development.